Evaluation of ABCD water balance conceptual model using remote sensing data in ungauged watersheds (a case study: Zarandeh, Iran)

Water balance is an important concern in water resources management and consumption planning. ABCD conceptual model a suitable simulation tool due to its simplicity, low input data requirement, components provision. As the lack of major challenge many developing countries, IMERG precipitation satellite products ERA5 temperature reanalysis were used obtain required for Zarandeh sub-basin Neyshabur Northeast Iran. The results evaluated using four statistical indices including correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), BIAS. Results showed that are reasonably accurate, there high between outputs observed data. Baqi stations indicated highest lowest 0.89 0.84, respectively. This study aimed use remote sensing determine balance. uncertainties parameters assessed through Fuzzy numbers. Additionally, Monte Carlo method was employed calibrate them based on NSE as objective function. illustrated accurate simulating surface runoff with 0.86. Finally, applied Sebi Torbat-e-Heydariyeh, moderate performance (NSE = 0.49) showing should be recalibrated each region. indicates could appropriate tools ungauged basins.